Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

48 other option left for the cement sector but to adopt CCUS to achieve net zero. There are several laboratory and pilot-level successful CCUS technologies available around the world at different stages for ready implementation. Despite many challenges, the energy-efficient and environmentally proactive Indian cement industry with the help of government policies should be able to adopt CCUS immediately without further loss of time to mitigate CO 2 emissions very fast in the coming decade to achieve net zero by 2070. India’s dependency on fossil fuel for the cement sector is likely to continue in future as the alternate waste- derived fuel consumption rate and scope for further improvement in energy consumption and increase of production of blended cement have very limited scope for the reduction of CO 2 emissions, hence adaptation of CCUS technology is inevitable. Fig-8 clearly shows that there are ways to decarbonise the cement sector. Directly most corporate groups and major cement plants are taking steps to enhance the use of alternate fuel, blended cement, measures for energy efficiencies, waste heat recovery systems and electricity from renewable energy sources for limited scale. Still, there is some scope for improvement on these heads for many cement plants. But to capture carbon dioxide from flue gas and use it as value-added byproducts needs CCUS technology to be incorporated to decarbonise the sector. India has started various remedial measures to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases by adopting various methodologies by replacing low-carbon raw materials, fuel, and product variations etc.; like Composite Cement, Limestone Calcined Clay (LC3 ), Reducing clinker factor by using low-grade limestone, Belite rich Portland cement from low-grade limestone, Alternative de-carbonated raw materials for clinker production, Improving the burnability of the raw mix by use of mineralizer, Carbon capture through algal growth and use of biofuels, Geopolymer cement, More production of Blended types of cement with various industrial wastes, Carbon Capture, utilization and storage (CCU), and Renewable source of energy. At the same time cement sector needs to investigate some futuristic approaches for drastic modification reduction of carbon oxides like replacing Coal with Hydrogen as fuel, Electrification of cement rotary kilns and Digitization with Artificial Intelligence. The government has launched various schemes to promote the production of renewable sources of energy (solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy) on a large scale as well as on a small scale. The government of India has promoted numerous steps to resolve global warming and climate change. They have facilitated the production of renewable sources of energy on a major scale so that the consumption of fossil fuels is minimized, which helps in reducing the carbon load in the atmosphere. Most of the major group of the cement industry has taken proactive steps to reduce their carbon footprints. Global decarbonisation scenarios include carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a key technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the cement industry. However, as of now, no large-scale CCUS technology in cement plants is operating globally. This is due to the mismatch between expectation and reality caused by some barriers, which are preventing the technology from being adopted more widely. There are no technical barriers to CCUS but cost is the most significant hurdle in the short and medium term. Some study indicates that in the long term, CCUS technology is found to be cost-effective when compared with all other available mitigating options. The governmental agencies with some financial policies need to support the adoption of CCUS technology in the beginning for the cement sector. The cement industry has no single