Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

41 Introduction The rapid increase in industrialisation and population growth in recent decades has resulted in a drastic impact on climate change. Global warming owing to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases is one pressing issue that needs to be tackled worldwide. Cement is the largest manufactured product on our planet by mass and concrete is the second most per capita consumed substance in the world after water. In 2022, the world’s cement production is 4.1 billion tonnes. In which China produces 51% of total global cement production, which is 6% less than last year, whereas Indian production has increased from 8 to 9%. India is the second largest cement producer of 381 million tonnes in 2022-23 having an installed capacity of 570 million tonnes per annum. CO 2 is the major greenhouse gas and is the prime reason for global warming and its adverse effects. Climate Emergency Climate emergency is a serious global concern. The present-day concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is one of the major responsible for 27% of global warming. Industrial activities and fossil fuels account for approximately 65 % of global CO 2 emissions, as illustrated in Fig-1. The impact of increasing concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is a major driving force for the development of advanced technologies incorporating CO 2 management options in every anthropogenic activity, especially in all industrial sectors including the cement sector. The global Cement industry is one of the major sources of carbon dioxide corresponding to about 6 to 7% of global anthropogenic emissions. Fig-2 portrays CO 2 emissions per tonne of cement in coming years globally and of two major cement producers despite business-as-usual adopting existing modifications in the process. CO 2 is therefore unavoidable emission from cement manufacturing. Intending to significantly reduce the climate impact of cement production, carbon capture is unavoidable. Therefore, major studies around the world suggest that decarbonising the cement industry without adopting CCUS technology is not achievable. The feasibility of adopting CCUS technology for the Indian cement industry and understanding the suitability role between different methodologies of capturing CO 2 utilization and storage systems are considered the pros and cons. Fig-1 Global GHG Emissions by % CO 2 Emissions Per Tonne of Cement 65% 11% 16% 6% 2% Methane 16% CO 2 (Forestry & other Land Use) 11% CO 2 (Fossil Fuel & Inustrial Processes) 65% F - Gases 2% Nitrous Oxide 6%