Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

Calciner ( > 900 C) CaCO 3 CaCO 3 CaO Carbonator (600 - 700 C) o o CaO + CO 3 CaCO 3 Combustor Sequestration Flue Gas Pure CO 2 Spent sorbent (cement manufature) fresh CaCO 3 CaO + CO 3 O 2 Fuel In this process, the only limitation is the interference gases like SOx and NOx making some rigid products like Calcium Sulphate or Calcium Nitrate, which are very hard to dissociate and can decrease the life of sorbent ( Abanades et al 2004 ). Discussion The cement industry is a globally large production industry and developing with sustainable goals with good leadership. It capturing and storage is an advanced technology to minimize carbon emissions from the cement industry into the atmosphere. The calcium looping where we can separate pure carbon from tanks. This will reduce the carbon emission into the atmosphere, we can reuse/ cell the collected carbon for other purposes (return on investment may be calculated) and the heat generated in the carbonation process (formation of Calcium carbonate) will help to increase heat in the burning zone. The interference product (CaSO ) due to calcium purging may be used in cement manufacturing in OPC. Conclusion types of carbon capturing methods like assessed the recent technology of atmosphere. b. Oxy – Firing: 1. Use Selective Catalytic Reducer (SCR) preheater and the raw mill to reduce 2. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) should gas. 3. Then the CO is captured and compressed on amines 4. The CO compression plant where the CO captured stream is cleared, compressed and dried prior to transport. In this technique, pure oxygen is inserted into the combustion zone to replace or dilute the combustion air (CO rich air). Air Separation Unit (ASU) can be used to temperature and also increase the process, the CO rich gas will be recirculated in the combustion area with the dilution of pure Oxygen. In this process, the high concentration of Carbon Di Oxide will also help to give of this process is, we can run the kiln with very low amount of oxygen (approx 1/3 % of total air required) ( IEA GHG, 2008 ). c. Calcium looping The main formula involved in this method is lime (CaO) which reacts with Carbon Di Oxide (CO ) and forms Calcium Carbonate (CaCO ). This CO will be separated and collected from CaCO and CaO generated as a bi-product which is reusable in the process again. In this process, we need to use pure oxygen to dissociate the Calcium Carbonate (CaCO ) at high temperatures. The generated Carbon Di Oxide (CO ) is pure and will be collected separately. In this cycle, the role of temperature is vital and produces pure CO . The generated CO is suitable to store and Calcium Oxide is reusable. The detailed picture is presented below. Page 16