Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

Reduction in the clinker to Cement ratio a. Amine scrubbing: This (reduction in the clinker to cement ratio) is the second highest potential method for carbon reduction. This is in high priority now, in this process we can achieve up to 40% carbon reduction. This will be a major target to India in near future. Alternate fuels have their own contribution to reducing carbon emissions. It is expected to increase in Indian industries to prepare Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR). As per the reports, the Indian Cement industry needs to achieve 25% of alternate fuel usage by 2025 and a further 5% in 5 years i.e up to 2030. In addition to this, we can use energy coolers, using variable frequency drive (VFD), and Vertical Rolling Mills for grinding. can replace a large amount of fossil fuel. In recent years, a lot of research and development has taken place to develop low carbon cement alternatives like LC3, geopolymer binders, belite-rich cement, and other novel cements. Out of these options, LC3 and Geopolymer concrete development in India ( AEEE 2021 ). Carbon capture & storage (CCS) Method There has been a huge emission reduction method for carbon reduction in the Cement industry but it was less popular in the Indian market due to its technical project cost. There are many advanced methods in carbon capturing and storage yet to launch in the market with proper success study. Carbon capture can be performed in pre or post-combustion. As per the studies, in the cement manufacturing process. 1. Lime stone de-carbonation in the kiln and generates approx 500 KG CO per ton of clinker production. 2. 300 Kg CO is expected from the fuel combustion in the kiln. 3. 30-50 Kg CO from electricity usage for this process. The exhaust gases of the clinker manufacturing are having 14-33% (w/w) Carbon Di Oxide, NO is 5-10% of NO X , NO X concentration is about <200-1000 mg/ NM , Sulphur Di Oxide is around 10-2500 mg/NM and Oxygen may be 8-14% (v/v). Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) is used for this scrubbing system in post-combustion carbon capture. The main challenges lie in the scale-up of this process and its implementation for scrubbing of CO from contaminants potentially detrimental to the operation of the scrubber unit. Some other methods for large-scale carbon capturing are: 1. Scrubbing of gasses by solid sorbents, 2. Separation with membranes and cryogenics. Post combustion carbon capture has been studied for application in power generation plants, but very few methods were examined in cement factories for its application. As NOx and SOx react with amines to form stable salts, which overcome this problem we need to use the following methods Alternate fuels Page 15