Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

Due to its size and the inherent characteristics of its production process, the cement sector is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO emissions ( Bellona 2020 ). The actual carbon footprint depends on the ratio of clinker to cement, the manufacturing process (dry or wet method), the level of heat recovery, the fuel used, the moisture content of the raw materials, and the capacity of the plant, among other factors. Process emissions account for approximately 65% of the direct CO2 emissions, whereas fuel combustion is responsible for the remainder ( IEA 2019 ). working of the calcium looping system. The Cement Manufacturing Process A cement plant has two process steps i.e pre-clinkerization and post-clinkerization process. The pre clinkerization process includes crushing, Pre-heating, pre-calcining, clinkerisation, cooling and storing in silos. Post clinker process: Grinding, adding additives, mixing, storage, packing and dispatch. Options for reducing carbon emission Blended Cement Fly ash (Thermal power plant waste) and slag (waste material from steel plant) is used as a replacement of the clinker up to some extent (some percentage). The blended cement method is expected to reduce up to 5% carbon emission. Figure 1 . Diagram for Cement Manufacturing Preheater Process Quarry Crushing Plants (s) Raw Materials Storage and Preblending Corrective Materials Electrostatio Precipitator Homogenizing and Storage Silo Water Cyclone Preheater Conditioning Tower Coal Coal Mill Air - to - Air Cooler Cooler Dedusting Clinker Cooler Mineral Gypsum Components Rotary Kiln Raw Heat Clinker Storage Cement Mill Filter Bulk Dispatch Packing Machine Raw Mill Bag Palletistion Page 14