Cement Energy Environment

45 Around the world, countries face ever increasing demand for natural resources. Every year on average, raw materials consumed by world cement industry currently is more than one third of the total materials extracted from the earth. With an increase in resource use between 1970 and 2019, the Global Footprint Network’s Earth Overshoot Day initiative estimates that as of 2019, it requires 1.75 planets to support our current demand on Earth’s ecosystems. Hence, sustainability is the critical challenge for mankind in this India is the second largest cement producer in the world with 334.48 million tonnes in 2020, but China produces the most cement globally, over half (58%) of the world’s cement production of 4.1 billion tonnes. However, large material flows solely related to cement production have a significant impact on society and the environment. Cement production results in large-scale emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate matter due to massive consumption of natural resources such as limestone, clay, and gypsum and of fuel in clinkering process and in necessary captive power generation. Therefore, the cement industry is being faced with several issues that need to be resolved, including the rising costs in energy supply, the requirement to reduce emissions linked to global warming, compliance with the most stringent environmental norms, reducing coal consumption and the insufficient availability of high-grade limestone. Indian cement industry is conserving resources thereby reducing GHG emissions by production of various blended cements since long. Composite cement offers better opportunity to conserve natural resources. First time in India during 1961 and 1971, blast furnace slag from steel plants and fly ash from thermal power plants were used to manufacture Portland Slag Cement (PSC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) respectively. Ever since government allowed blending of such industrial waste materials century. Cement is the largest manufactured product on our planet by mass. Combined with water, sand and aggregates it forms cement-based building materials concrete. It is the second most per capita consumed substance in the world after water. Worldwide, more than 2,500 cement plants consume enormous amounts of limestone, additives, fuel-thermal and electric energy and emits CO 2 approximately 5 percent of all global GHG emissions with clinker in cement manufacture, there has been continuous growth in the sales of PSC and PPC cement. There has been a very major penetration of blended cements in the market. Now there is also a new product as composite cement which is covered under IS: 16415- 2015. Composite cement is a mixture of high-quality clinker, fly ash, granulated slag, and gypsum. The Government of India is strongly focused on infrastructure development to boost economic growth and is aiming for 100 smart cities, Housing for all, Bharatmala Pariyojana, Pradhan Mantri Grama Sadak Pariyojana, Urban Transport Metro Rail Projects etc. These measures would lead to an increased construction activity. In the Union Budget for 2019-20, the Government expected to upgrade 1,25,000 kms of road length over the next five years, which would boost the demand for cement. The demand of cement industry is expected to achieve more than 550-600 million tonnes by 2025. Evolution of environmental management has taken place every decade to higher level to attain sustainable development, present decade is focusing on circular economy. Figure1has shown the Road Map of Evolution of Environmental Management in Indian Cement Industry. them in terms of sustainable performance. This paper highlights joint approach of circular economy and life cycle assessment for Indian cement industry Introduction Indian Cement Industry