Cement, Energy and Environment

50 Table-3 Specific Properties of Nanotitanium Oxide (n-TiO2) NANOTITANIUMOXIDE % 97 RUTILE CONTENT % 98 PH 7 AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE (TEM) 30-40 nm TREATMENT Nil MOISTURE % 1.75-2 BULK DENSITY 0.31gm/cc WATER SOLUBILITY In-soluble I. Tests on hydrated Cement Paste Cement paste containing water added as per normal consistency is taken in a mould (25mmx25mmx282mm) is boiled for a fixed time(3 hrs) at a temperature of 100°C under a pressure of 2.1 N/mm 2 in a Autoclave machine and subsequent removing of the specimen & cooling it in room temperature and measuring the cement paste’s dimensions to record any volume change as per IS:4031. II. Tests on Cement Composites : Mortar Cubes of 70.7mmx70.7mmx70.7mm size were casted with 1 part of cement + 3 parts of sand with water added as per the normal consistency formula of Indian standards i.e., according to the standard formula P’=(P/4 +3)(1 part Cement+3parts Sand). Here P’=Quantity of water & P=Consistency of Cement used.i.e. amount of water used to make 300gms cement paste to support a penetration of 5-7mm in a standard Vicat mould with a Vicat needle. Nano silica were added in various proportions ranging from 0%,0.5%,0.75%,1.0%1.25%,1.5%, Carbon Nanotubes added in proportions as per literature review i.e., 0.02%,0.05% & 0.1% and Nano Titanium Oxide added in proportions ranging from 1.0% & 2.5% w.r.to cement wt. after proper dissolutions in a suitable SuperPlastcizer (Poly Carboxylate Ether) (for CNTs & TiO 2 as they were insoluble in water)keeping the w/c ratio fixed at 0.4.The cubes were then ordinary cured under water and tested at 7 days,28 days ,90 days,180 days and 365 days as per IS:4031. For geopolymer concrete, taking alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio by mass = 0.44 & water to geopolymer ratio of 0.25 & assuming that the combined aggregate occupies 79% of the geopolymer concrete (density=2400kg/m 3 ) by mass, a design mix was prepared with & without nS additions as shown in Fig.2. Fig.2: Nanomaterials used for Geopolymer concreting and Nanoconcreting in IIESTS Laboratory