Cement, Energy and Environment

12  widespread implementation of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems, and  carbon capture and storage. The CSI member companies have been addressing the issue of CO 2 emissions since the start of the initiative. They measure and report their emissions following the same protocol, the CSI’s Cement CO 2 and Energy Protocol, and they have set individual targets to reduce CO 2 intensity. For environmentally sustainable economic growth, it is necessary to build concrete structures using sustainable materials and ensure that the built facilities retain their required performance over the long run. ‘Quality’ impacts ‘sustainability’ and ‘durability’, and therefore quality of materials and processes has to be ensured. Neglect of Quality in construction would lead to increase in annual expenditure for repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures and impede nation’s growth. For addressing the challenge of quality in cement and construction sector in our country, we have Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) playing its statutory role in cement certification and certification in building materials and Quality Council of India (QCI) implementing accreditation and certification schemes in the Indian industry. 3.0 Meeting the Quality Challenge in Cement Industry 3.1 Role of Bureau of Indian standards Cement being under mandatory certification in India, cement plants are required to comply with BIS Scheme of Testing and Inspection (STI) for different types of cements. STI lays down the norms for sampling, equipment calibration and testing. IS 3535 prescribes methods for sampling during production - raw meal, clinker and cement - and post-production stage. IS 4031 prescribes methods for physical testing and IS 4032 for chemical testing of cement. Methods of testing of pozzolanic materials are laid down in IS 1727. Implementation of ISO 9001 provides the system framework for quality management. Table 1 lists Indian Standard specifications for different cement types. Table 2 presents equipment calibration frequency laid down in Scheme of Testing and Inspection (STI) for Cement Certification. STI recommends that, as far as possible, Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods (IS 397) may be used for controlling the quality of the product during production as envisaged in this Scheme. In addition, it is also recommended that effort should be made to gradually introduce a Quality Table-1 Indian Standard Specification for Various cement Types Sl. No. Cement Type Indian Standard 1 Ordinary Portland Cement 33, 43 and 53 Grade IS:269 2 Rapid Hardening Cement IS:8041 3 Sulphate Resisting Cement IS:12330 4 Portland Slag Cement IS:455 5 Super Sulphated Cement IS:6909 6 Low Heat Cement IS:12600 7 Portland Pozzolana Cement (Fly ash based) IS:1489 P-1 8 Portland Pozzolana Cement (Calcined clay based) IS:1489 P-2 9 Coloured Cement: White Cement IS:8042 10 Hydrophobic Cement IS:8043 11 Masonry Cement IS:3466 12 Oil Well Cement IS:8229 13 HighAlumina Cement IS:6452 14 Composite Cement IS 16415 Table-2 Equipment Calibration Frequency for Cement Certification by BIS (Source: Central Marks Department, BIS, Ref: CMD-3/16:269 08.09.2016) Equipment Calibration Frequency Blaine’s apparatus Daily with licensee’s own Standard cement sample and once in amonth with standard cement samples supplied by NCCBM. Compressive strength Testing machine Once in a month with Licensee’s own Proving Ring and the Proving Ring shall be Calibrated once in two years from the Accredited Calibrating body or NPL or NPL accredited Proving Ring manufacturer. Autoclave pressure gauge Once in a month by licensee’s own dead weight pressure gauge tester OR once in six months from accredited calibrating body or NPL/NABL accredited manufacturer of such gauges. Vibration machine Once in a month by licensee’s own Tachometer. The tachometer shall be calibrated once in a year from accredited outside agency. Dead wt pressure gauge Tester (if available) Once in four years fromNABL accredited Tester (if available) Lab or OEM (original Equipment manufacturer) having NPLaccredited calibrator.