Cement Energy Environment

42 Waste oil Solvents Greases Textile waste Plastic waste Sawdust Waste from paper factories Table 2: Principal types of waste used by the cement industry Scrap tires Waste from rubber factories Sludge from chemical processes Distillation bottoms Sludge frommunicipal sewers Animal bones and bone meal Expired grains Thermal and Electrical Efficiency Improvements to the energy efficiency would reduce around 38 Mt of CO 2 or 9% of cumulative mitigation of CO 2 emissions by 2050 in the “2°C Scenario”, in comparison to the “6°C Scenario”. Key message: The contribution of non-renewable fossil fuels in cement production should diminish from 85% to 45% in the “2°C Scenario”, due to the growing use of wate and biomass. Source: IEA modelling developed for this project. © OCECD/IEA, 2016 Key message: More significant advances in thermal and electrical efficiency will be observed after 2030, with the substitution of the more obsolete units and equipments by new plants operating with the best available technology (BAT) Source: IEA modelling results for the evolution of the share of alternative fuels. Figure 7: Evolution of the use of alternative fuels in the “2°C Scenario” 2014 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2020 Waste 2030 2040 2050 Petcoke Sewage Sludge Agricultural Waste Charcoal Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) Non haz Industrial Waste Haz Industrial Waste Tires 85% 65% 78% 55% 45% Biomass Fossil Fuels Figure 8: Thermal and electrical intensity in cement production in the “2°C Scenario”. GJ/t clinker kWh/ t cement 2014 3,70 3,50 3,30 3,10 2,90 2,70 2020 2030 2040 2050 Thermal Consumption Electric Consumption 120 110 100 90 80 70