Cement Energy Environment

40 Clinker Substitutes An increase in the use of clinker substitutes would reduce around 290 Mt of CO 2 or 69% of the cumulative mitigation of CO 2 emissions by 2050 in the “2°C Scenario”, when compared to the “6°C Scenario.” Key message: Due to actions implemented throughout the decades, Brazil has one of the lowest indices of specific emissions in the world, since the start of historical records. Source: Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI), 2014 Key message: If the availability of slag and fly ash is reduced, the major potential for further reduction of the clinker proportion is in greater use of limestone filler. Source: IEA modelling developed for this project. © OCECD/IEA, 2016 Figure 2: Emission intensity in cement production kg CO 2 /t cement North America 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 CEI Middle East China + Japam+Korea Asia and Oceania Central America Europe Africa India Brazil South America (ex.Brazil) 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 Figure 3: Evolution of the use of clinker substitutes in“2°C Scenario” 2014 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2020 2030 2040 2050 Clinker Ratio Gypsum Others Fly Ash Calcinated BF Slag Limestone Filler 68% 65% 59% 54% 52%