Cement Energy Environment

39 Manufacturing process and formation of CO 2 emissions Actions taken to reduce emissions in Brazil • To achieve emissions reduction compatible with the global commitments of minimum climate impact, it is necessary to search for innovative and disruptive solutions, such as Carbon Capture and Utilization or Storage (CCUS). By doing so, it would be possible, from 2040, to achieve a cumulative reduction of 38 Mt CO 2 , representing about 9% of the sector’s mitigation by 2050. • The different measures for carbon emissions Cement manufacturing can be considered as a two- step main process. It starts with clinker production in high temperature kilns, and it is at this stage that direct CO 2 emissions occur. Typically, 30% to 40% of the direct CO 2 emissions come from the burning of fuels and the remaining 60% to 70% are inherent to the process and come from the chemical reaction involved in the conversion of limestone to calcium oxide Globally, the cement industry’s CO 2 emissions represent around 7% of total CO 2 emissions produced by man. In Brazil, due to actions being implemented for years, this participation is practically one third of the world average, or 2.6%, according to the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases. reduction are not distributed evenly around the country. Considering Brazil’s continental dimensions, and its many different regions, it is fundamental to understand that the various actions recommended in this Roadmap, as well as their potential for penetration and reduction of CO 2 , cannot be replicated with the same intensity in all regions of the country. (calcination), in the formation of clinker. Another 5% of CO 2 emissions occur indirectly because of electrical consumption by the industrial plant. In Brazil, the burning of fuels represents 36% of total emissions, while the emissions from calcination contribute another 63%. Contribution from electrical energy is approximately 1%, due to 74% of the country’s electric supply being renewable. The efforts of the Brazilian cement industry to reduce its carbon footprint, by adopting better practices available today, are reflected in its carbon intensity indicators. Since the first records of CO 2 emissions in the sector, in 1990, until today, Brazil has taken a leading position among the countries/ regions with lower specific emission per ton of cement produced in the world. Figure 1: CO 2 emissions from cement production in Brazil Calcination Thermal Energy 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 63% 36% 1% Key message: Almost 2/3 of the sector’s emissions are inherent to the process and happen during the calcination of raw material. Source: CSI: SNIC, 2014 Electric Energy