Cement, Energy and Environment

I \ Problems, which are defined above, may cause big defects in our factory. As , • Warming in wires and electromechanical devices • Vibrations in the machines • Abnormal operation in the firing/triggering circuits • Memory loss in CAD/CAM terminals • Electronic card defects • Abnormal operation of distortion in relay signals • Energy losses • Power losses in power capacitors, isolation problems and explosions, fuse faults on capacitors These problems are encountered by the end users can be reduced to the minimal levels by etudes and precautions starting from the "Point of Common Coupling" (PCC). These precautions are: • Determining harmonic current injection from PCC. • Determining "Parallel Resonance Frequency" of the grid, observe with the load differentiation. • To follow dominant harmonics continuously in the system in the energy input point and in other distribution points Monitoring and filtering dominant harmonic orders at PCC and other distribution pints on the grid. • Applying automatic compensation systems by considering parallel resonance frequency of the system. • Determining unbalanced loads and ensure load balance on the grid. Definitions Compensation: Compensation is supplying reactive power by establishing a special reactive power unit in the consumption centers. Reactive Power: Magnetic current, which supplies necessary magnetic field for the loads, which operates according to electrodynamics principle such as generator, transformer, inductor and motor, is the Reactive Current, so the consumed power is Reactive Power. Reactive Power Calculation: Apparent power (SI), its power factor (Cosj 1 ) and the Cosh value which requested to increase should be known to determine consumer's reactive power need. Additionally, compensation system's type which is going to be founded in a facility is related to: • Reactive power distribution in the system • Variation of reactive power need • Harmonic distortion amount in the system • Location of the facility Individual Compensation (Central Automatic): Individual Compensation applications is the most economic solution in the facilities where many spread loads which need reactive power in the system. Individuals Compensation is applied at the secondary side of the LV transformer. Continuously and fixed reactive power consumption by each consumer isn't on the carpet in such systems. For this reason, compensation system which is going to be established to supply reactive power need must supply quickly in the way of keeping tanj value fixed. Local Compensation: This is a method to be used in the situation of there are loads in a point far from the transformer in the facility or loads which needs reactive power. Calculation of the compensation system which is going to be applied to supply the reactive power need to the motors must be done according to the active power that motors consume. A motor is defined with Active Power and Cos<p values written on its label. Benefits of Reactive Power Compensation • Loads of generators, transformers and energy transfer lines decrease and new possibilities are supplied for new loads. • Total voltage drop in the facility reduces. • Total loss in the facility reduces This way financing facilities with lower amounts is supplied. Or possibility of consuming higher power from the facilities realizes. Disabilities of Classical Reactive Power Compensation If there are harmonic sourced machines-devices and these harmonic levels are above the levels that standards define or if there's a risk of parallel resonance between compensation system and loads, compensation system, which is about to be established, may cause harmonic related problems to occur. 23