Cement, Energy and Environment July-Sep 2002

improvement of the status of the employees and local people and the overa ll impac t on the socio– economic environment have been di scussed. The coal washery project appears to have brought sifnificant socio-economic development to the area. It has involved th e immigration of industrial workers in the area and opened avenues for different types o f employment. ( 1 fi gure, 3 tab les, 16 refere!lces) f.\IISSIO" TR , d)ll\(~ l' ~DER TilE KYOTO PROTOCOL-EFFECTS 0:\ FOSS.I L FUEL l\IARKETS liNDEI{ ALTERNATIVE REGIMES [209} Holtsmark B and Maestad 0. 200 I Energy Policy 30(3): 207-218 The consequences of th e Kyoto Protocol for the fossi l fu el markets depend on which policy instruments are used in order to reach the emission targets. This paper uses a numerical mode l to assess th e s ignificance of international emissions trading for the oi l, coal and gas markets. Three different tr ad ing regi mes are compared. Particular attention is devoted to the EU proposal about li mits on acquisitions and transfers of emission permits. According to the model simulations, the Kyoto Protocol wi ll lead to surpri singly small reduc tio ns in the prod ucer prices of fossi l fuels. The authors fi nd that the EU proposal will be non-binding for buyers of emission pe rmits but wi ll s ignificantl y constrain the sa le of emi ss ion permits from Eastern Europe. The EU proposal wi ll increase the level of abatement in Annex B countries and wil l cause a sharp increase in the price of permits compared to the free trade equilibrium. ( 10 figures, 2 tables, 14 references). 1\DI.\ V\D CLI:\1 \TE CIL\~CE POLIC'\: BFT\\ F-EN DIPLOMATIC DEFE;\ISlVENESS AND I"'Dl '-;TRIAL II{\"- ~FORi\lATlO!'I {213} Gupta J. 200I Energy and Environment 12(2&3): 217-236 The paper focu sses on the evolution of India's climate change policy over the last decade and the key driving factors that have led to changes in the nature of this policy. It argues that although lndia appears to be taking a defensive position in relation to climate change in the international arena the re have been a large number of measi.1res that have been initiated s ince 1990, within India. Co llectively these measures are like ly to lead to a decoupling of gree nhou se gas emi ss io ns from energy development, and poss ibly, even economic growth. Ncve11heless, the government is like ly to adopt a cauti ous position in international neaotiations in order to avoid taking 0 on lega lly binding qua ntitat ive commitments and because of their position that the onus Iies on the developed countries to take action. Thus, although, de facto, ln9ia is taki na a number of climate related 0 no-regret meas ures, it wi ll be unwi lling to take on de jure commitments in the short term. (55 references). CONTRADICT!(~'" BETWF.ENWT.) \' , J) ~l STAINABLI·. Df.\'ELOPMENT'? TilE C \SE OF E\\ IRO~l\IENTAL IH 'IPI~G {227} Luthe S. 2001 Sus tainahle Dnelopment 9(4): 197-203 This ·paper discusses how the WTO (World Trade Organization) agreement de a ls with the environmental and compet iti veness concerns linked to trade and environmental policies. As the use of traditional expo1t subsidies and other protectionist trade policies are now strongly restricted in the WTO, many countries will try to find other ways to increase competiti veness. One way of do ing thi s is to use lax environm en ta l taxatio n o r regulation as indirect subsidies (i.e. environmental clumping). If this is done, the reduced poss ibi lities of using traditional protecti onist trade policies co uld ha rm the environment, thus reduc ing th e overa ll we lfare ga in from trade liberalization. E nvironme ntal counte rvaiIing tariffs have been suggested as a way of reduc in g, in cen ti ves for environmen tal dumping. The WTO rul es a re examined in order to ana lyse the feasibi lit y of th e uses of env ironmental counterva iIing tari ITs in the current and future framework of WTO, and the incentives and we lfa re seq uences arc ana lysed under cl iffere nt market scenarios. ( 19 references) C:ourte.1y: TIDE£, Afar. 2002. Pp 105. 163. 165& 1-o. Fax: 91 II ./6811-1-1. E-mail: outreachrq'; teri.res.in /Veb: ll'll'll'. teriin.org ENTf.RPRISE RELI \BILIT\ James IV. Davis, PE, VP. R& TS. FMSC Group Faced with the pressure to be in creasi ng ly cost-e ffect ive and competit ive in g loba l markets, exec uti ve man agement at maj or ma nufacturi ng companies have begun to focus on the importance of systems rel iabil ity as a cri tical strategy for improving fin ancia l performance. Usi ng Ash Grove Cement as a prime examp le, th is article explai ns how the correct use