Cement Energy and Environment

Table-1: Present fly ash Generation & utilization (Q'ty in million tons) Table-2: Projected fly ash generation (million tons) Year Year India NTPC --------- ---------- I·( India t NTPC Gen Util. (pc util.) Gen Util. (pc util.) 2014-15 185 60 2009-10 123.54 77.33 62.60 46.22 27.61 59.73 2015-16 200 65 2010-11 131.09 73.13 55.79 47.20 26.03 55.14 2016-17 215 67 2011-12 145.42 85.05 58.48 50.05 27.53 55.01 2017-18 230 69 2012-13 163.56 100.37 61.37 56.29 30.97 55.02 2018-19 245 70 2013-14 172.87 99.62 57.63 57.83 25.37 43.88 2019-20 260 71 Table-3: Ash utilization Sl. Ash utilization ~2011-1: India ~ NTPC --------- ------------ 2 2012-13 2013-14 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Cement & Concrete 26.62 25.90 23.19 14.70 14.69 12.42 2 Filling of low lying areas 9.77 7.23 6.80 13.73 7.27 4.27 3 Roads & Embankment 3.81 3.68 2.88 3.59 3.28 1.25 4 Ash Dyke Raising 4.03 6.68 5.97 8.43 15.28 13.04 5 Mine filling 5.32 6.32 6.48 2.33 2.37 3.12 6 Bricks & tiles 4.01 6:10 7.07 3.59 4.61 3.97 7 Agriculture 0.61 1.53 1.67 8 Others 4.32 3.92 3.58 8.62 7.51 5.79 Country Year Ash Prod. Ash Util. % (Util.) USA 2012 China 2012 Europe 2010 Australia 2012 4.9 Land for ash dyke: Limitation in ash dyke area to 0.25 acres per MW, without looking at ash utilization potential in the country will lead to stranded thermal capacity after 10 years, once the ash dyke are filled up. The area assigned also includes garland pipe inspection roads, toe drain (33 acres) and pump house (12 acres), overflow lagoon (25 acres) covering. Thus, an extra area of 70 acres is required in addition to 125 acres for a 500 MW unit. A minimum land for 2X500 MW shall be 2X125+100 = 350 acres or 0.35 acre per MW instead of existing 0.25 acre per MW. Area for ash disposal (0.25 acres I MW, as per notification dated 03.11 .2009) needs to be increased depending on the location specific ash utilization target. (mt) (mt) 66.20 28.67 43 540.00 360.00 67 35.67 15.70 44 12.80 5.39 42 In case the power plant runs beyond its life i.e. 25 years , fresh land areas for disposal of fly ash are necessary. There are old power plants like Talcher, Singraulli, Korba which are generating power with high PLF. The disposal of generated fly ash without any additional land for ash dyke remains the challenge. Thus, the land requirement for fresh ash-dykes at old stations may be considered. 4.10 Environmental impact of ash back filling in abandoned mines: Fly ash utilization in abandoned mine voids is not allowed in some of the projects . But in other projects the EC allows mine void titling if the adequate site specific detailed studies are undertaken. Before these site specific studies, the abandoned mine voids are to be identified, consent of owners for its use is to be obtained, 22 ,. .... _ _,