Cement, Energy and Environment

commercial office ·spaces by multinationals and IT (Information Technology) hubs; setting up of special economic zones (SEZs); easy availability of finance and increase in per capita income and standard of living. The gross built-up area added to commercial and residential spaces was about 40.8 million square metres in 2004-05 (Construction Industry Development Council 2005-06), which is about 1 per cent of annual average constructed floor area around the world . Since 1970s, the annual energy consumption of the residential and commercial sectors has grown at a near consistent 8 per cent. However, the share of building sector in this total energy has increased from a low 14 per cent in 1970 to a nearly 33 per cent in 2004 - 05 (RICS 2007). Energy consumption would continue to rise unless suitable actions to improve energy efficiency are taken urgently. As per TERI estimates (Table 1), there is an increased demand of about 5.4 billion units (kWh) of electricity annually for meeting end-use energy requirement in residential and commercial and commercial Table-1 buildings. This is an addition to energy requirements for manufacturing of buildi ng materials/equipment and energy used during construction (comprising the embodied energy of materials and machinery). Simultaneously, while there is a construction boom with 10 per cent increase in net built up area in the residential and commercial sector annually, there is also a significant number of existing buildings stock that needs tune– up and upgradation, particu larly from an energy efficiency point of view. Annual energy savings potential in new constructions Energy saving potential in the building sector Energy efficient building design, technologies for efficient lighting and space conditioning and renewable energy technologies offer 40 - 50 per cent energy saving potential in new buildings. Retrofit options in energy efficiency offer a 20 per cent to 30 per cent saving potential. Energy savings potential in new buildings As per TERI studies, assuming the average energy consumption for a residential property is 80 kWh/m 2 / annum and for a commercial building 160 kWh/m 2 /annum in the business as usual scenario and there is a 10 per cent annual .. increase in built up area for residential and commercial buildings, the projected annual increase in energy demand in commercial and residential buildings would be 5.4 billion kWh. Courtesy: Energy Security Insights, Oct.- Dec. 2009, Pp. 13-14. Energy Conservation ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM· WITH POWER PROFILE OF A CEMENT PLANT By Sanwar M. Mishra Introduction Energy conservation and energy efficiency have become the essential requirement of the electrical power system. Today, the power system is viewed as a unit adding C0 2 to the atmosphere, causing global warming. Working on the thumb rule of "power saved is power produced and environmental pollution saved", the importance of energy conservation and energy efficiency is enhanced. With a purpose to reinforce the institutional development in this field, the government has enacted the Energy Conservation Act - 2001 and established the Bureau of Energy Efficiency with a charter of demand for the consumer. It aims at promoting good energy-governance, so that the major users of electricity should step up measures to control and conserve power. 28