CMA

40 Table 3. Emission limit values for Cement Kilns in China (mg/Nm3) Pollutants New ELVs for Co-processing of wastes in China- GB 30485-2013 and HJ 662-2013 ELVs for cement plants not co-processing wastes in China GB 4915- 2013 Common Region (1) Key Region (2) Common Region Key Region Particulate matter 30 20 30 20 SO2 200 100 200 100 NOx (as NO2) 400 320 400 320 NH3 10 8 10 8 Fluoride (as total F) 5 3 HCl 10 10 HF 1 1 TOC 10 10 Hg 0.05 0.05 Tl+ Cd+ Pb+ As 1.0 1.0 Be+ Cr+ Sn+ Sb+ Cu+ Co+ Mn+ Ni+ V 0.5 0.5 Dioxin/furans (ng I-TEQ/ Nm3) 0.1 0.1 (1) Common region means all other regions outside key regions (2) Key region means a region where land is developed intensely, the local environment is vulnerable or impacts of air pollutants is great, the ecological environment fragile, and strict air pollution control is needed. Table 4. Heavy metal leaching limits for cement clinker Heavy Metals As Pb Cd Cr Cu Ni Zn Mn Leaching Limits in China (mg/litre)* 0.1 0.3 0.03 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 *The clinker should be made into cement sample according to “Portland cement clinker” (GB/T 21372-2008), then the cement sample should be made in to cement mortar sample before the leaching test. The leaching test method for the cement mortar sample is similar to the EU leaching method “NEN 7371” except that the pH value of the leaching liquor has been changed to 3.2 from 4.0. (Environment Agency, 2005) In May of 2014, MEP issued newly revised “Standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration” (GB18485-2014). The limits of dusts/ particles, Hg, dioxin in the co-processing standards is nearly the same as the MSW incineration standards, the limits of NOx, SO2, Cd, Tl in the co- processing standards are a little looser than the MSW incineration standards, and the limits of HCl and other heavy metals in the co-processing standards are stricter than the MSW incineration standards. The new co-processing standards also specify Leaching Limits for certain heavy metals from cement clinker produced when co-processing solid wastes; see Table 4. It is the first time China has specified requirements related to the environmental safety of cement products. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration(MSWI) Municipal Solid Waste incinerators (MSWI) are facilities specifically constructed to reduce the mass and volume of the MSW and utilize the generated heat for power or heating. Different combustion technologies that can be utilized to burn MSW are moving grate, fixed grate, fluidized bed, and rotary kiln. Grate incinerators are the most common, constituting 90 per cent of waste to energy (WtE) incinerators in Europe. Due to high organic fraction and high moisture content in MSW in many developing countries, some pre-treatment is needed to increase the lower heating value. The residue from the incineration process is disposed of in a Landfill. Basic requirement is minimum temperature of 850⁰C and a two second residence time for processing