CMA

39 wastes such as POPs, PCBs, obsolete and date expired pesticides, Ozone Depleting Substances, etc. Kiln specific trial runs may be required for such wastes to study the destruction and removal efficiencies (as per the requirement of Stockholm convention). Trial/ approval from CPCB would also be required if waste is fed through coal or raw material route. In the guidelines, standard operating procedure for pre-processing and co processing are defined. 1.1.2 China The Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have recently issued several documents to raise the level of knowledge and improve the development of cement kiln co-processing technology. Standards and Guidelines reflecting international best practice have been under development for some years, among others as part of the Sino- Norwegian project on co-processing of wastes in the cement industry. The Ministry of Environmental Protection of China issued its first two standards focusing on co-processing of wastes in the cement industry in December 2013 • “Standard for pollution control on co-processing of solid wastes in Cement kiln”, GB30485-2013. • “Environmental protection technical specification for co-processing of solid wastes in cement kiln”, HJ 662-2013. In May 2014, the Cement Standardization Administration of China co-operated with the MEP to issue two standards focusing on co-processing of wastes in cement industry • “Technical specification for co-processing of solid waste in cement kiln”, GB30760-2014 • “Determination of heavy metals leaching for cement and building materials”, GB/T 30810- 2014 The new standards only allow co-processing in large cement plants with the best pollution control equipment and with high professional competence. The new co-processing standards are complementary to the existing “Emission standard of air pollutants for cement industry” (GB 4915), which applies to cement plants that do not conduct co-processing; together, they will constitute an advanced and comprehensive standard system for pollution control in the Chinese industry. Based on careful analysis of potential pollution risks during cement kiln co-processing, the standards specify corresponding pollution control measures and describe appropriate feeding point selection, emissions of air pollutants, requirements for the content of hazardous elements in the wastes (including heavy metals, chlorine, fluorine, and sulphur), and cement quality. The standards also prohibit some waste types including radioactive waste, explosive and reactive wastes, whole batteries, waste electrical and electronic equipment, mercury-containing thermometers, blood- pressure meters, fluorescent lamps and switches, chromium slags and unknown and unidentified wastes. Table 3 lists the new emission limits for air pollutants. The emission limit value (ELV) for dust particles is identical to the EU standard; the ELV for SO2 is close to the EU standard but the ELV for NOx is stricter than the EU standard; the ELVs for HF, TOC, HCl, Hg and dioxin/furans are the same as the EU standard and the ELV for HCl, Hg, dioxin/furans and TOC, which represents volatile compounds, are stricter than the US standard; the ELV for Tl+Cd+Pb+As is less strict than the US and the EU standards reflecting the poor quality of raw materials in China; other ELVs for heavy metals are the same as the EU standard. The cement industry produces up to 11 percent of all NOx emissions across China’s industrial sectors, approximately 2.7 Mta, and has been targeted in the country’s move to address air pollution, particularly after hazardous smog repeatedly blanketed skies at the start of 2013. The newly revised and updated emission standards will sharply cut the amount of NOx emitted by existing plants to below 400 mg/ Nm3 from an average emission of 880 mg/Nm3 among cement makers now. For cement production lines located in key regions, the emission standard will be capped below 320 mg/Nm3. NOx can be abated with a combination of measures like low NOx burners, staged combustion, feeding alternative fuel to the calciner, SCR and SNCR. Cement plants must install Continuous Emission Monitoring systems (CEMs) for on-line monitoring of dusts/particulates; SO2 and NOx. HCl, HF, TOC, heavy metals must be measured at least every four months when co-processing hazardous wastes or every six months when co-processing non-hazardous wastes. Dioxins and furans must be measured annually.