Cement, Energy and Environment

' \ Institutional challenges for co– pprocessing Co-processing AFR presents challenges for cement plant operators and authorities. • The operators need to understand and control all impacts that co-processing will have on the production process, on the final product, on the environment, and on the health and safety of the workers . • Regulators should understand all these issues in order to fulfill their roles in controll ing environmental impacts and impacts on health and safety. • Both operators and regulators should understand the concerns of the public over possible negative effects of co-processing, and they should establish efficient communication processes in order to explain their activities and to avoid confl icts. • There was a need to draw a plan to equip cement mills with pre-treatment and co– processing machineries in phased manner to become more affordable. Benefits of co-processing In spite of constraints, Co– processing opt ion possess many benefits that start from destroying of organic hazardous wastes in a safe manner when properly operated and will be cost effective to industries that generate wastes and a society that wants to dispose of such wastes in a safe and environmentally-acceptable manner. The added benefit of non– renewable fossil energy conservation is important, since large quantities of valuable natural fuel can be saved in the manufacture of cement. GPCB: Dare to adopt Co– processing alternative GPCB was loaded with many challenges to introduce Co- processing option among conventional waste disposal Benefits of Co-processing: • Residence time of combustion gases above 1000°C in excess of 3-4 second secures complete destruction of pollutants • High flame temperature (2000°C) ensures complete destruction of harmful pollutants • Complete scrubbing of exhaust gas due to counter current flow of raw material resulting in trapping of heavy metals, sulphur and other pollutants within clinker • Inclusion of ashes and residual metals from the wastes within the clinker crystal st ructure • Kiln lines equipped with ESP/Bag filte rs– ensures negligible particulate emission • Intense contact between solid and gas phases- ensures condensation of volatiles absorbs S02 and neutralizes acid gases • Destruction and Removal Efficiency of 99.999% Other benefits: • Conservation of mined natural materials such as limestone, bauxite, Iron ore and non-renewable fossil such as coal also reducing environmental impact related to coal mining • Overall lower C02 and methane emissions by replacement of foss il fuel • No need for investment in incinerators and no need of waste landfill sites • Reduce the economic burden on the industry along with savings of natural resources as waste gets consumed for energy recovery and as supplementary resources. • Reduce the Health hazard associated with disposal of Hazardous waste by other pathways. • Helps Society for s ustainable Eco– Environmental development by us ing waste as supplementary resource & alternative fuel. 5