Cement, Energy and Environment

•: } : t ' . Gas distribution must be absolutely perfect even when thi s requires expens ive computer simulation s tudies. The old theory of perfectly even gas di stribution is being challenged by vendors promoting skewed gas distribution. This approach seems to hold some promise. With the application of the most modern process control, optimal high voltage supplies, proper sizing and appropria te r. umbcr of electrical fi elds, an ESP with an emission of less than 10 mg/Nm~ can be built with no risk. By addressing known concerns, an ESP can be designed to accommodate more s tringen t emission standards. Specific collecting areas will need to increase, but more importantly the number of electrical fields will need to rise. The percentage of total plate area rapped at one time will also need to decrease. Gas flow dis tribution will be critical to maximise usage of available plate area and the entire system will need to be integrated into a computerised management and contro l system. Attention to detail allows the ESP to remain a valuable particula te removal option well into the future. Co urtesy: World Cem ent May 2002 Pp69-73, Enquiry No.9, Fax: +44(0) 1252718992 Email: mail @worldcement.com Web: www. '"-'Orldcement.com ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND India through voluntary actions. Where these OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH improvements are economic in their own ri gh t they are often termed as 'no regrets' actions. The The UNFCCC (United Na tions Framework AGO (Australian Greenhouse Office) ha s Convention on Climate Change) and the Kyoto developed a number of d ifferent programmes Protocol represent a unique international effort that facilitate developments of this type, such toameliorate theeffectsofa globalproblem.Part as the Greenh ouse Cha ll en ge and the o f the solution includes the fle xibility Greenhouse Fri endly product ce rtifi catio n mechanisms of JI (joint implementation), COM programme. (clean development mechanism) and emissions trading. These mechanisms provide a means for specified countries, known as Annex-I countries, (which have ratifi ed the Kyoto Protocol to achieve their assigned emission targets). There arc at least two distinct ways through which lndia can benefit from the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as rela ted climate change initiatives. The second is thorough COM, which is o f particular use to India. It provides for emissions reduction resulting from the implementati on of greenhouse abatement projects funded by the Annexe I countries to be transferred from the host country back to the sponsoring Annex I country. Many opportunities exist within India for _the development and implementation of suitab le projects. Benefits for hos t countries Th e firs t is th rough direct effi cie ncy include money from the sale of emissions improvements of the indus tri al base within reduction, technology transfer, and sustainable