Cement Energy and Environment

or process parameter adaptations in case of direct RDF feeding into the precalciner. In the following, concepts are introduced based on the mechanical, physical and thermal processing of alternative fuels. For details, please log on to: http:// ' ~ __f_n Courtesy: World Cement, August 2011, Pp53-54. ~enewable Energy ~ INDIA AMONG TOP 5 GREEN ENEpr-v ATIONS India has an installed renewable energy base of about 20 GW, which is around 11 per cent of the country's total power capacity and accounts for 4 per cent of the electricity mix. India today stands among the top five countries of the world in terms of its renewable energy capacity. kL.... ,.....,L.... S 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Selected Renewable Energy Indicators I I ! Investment in new renewable capacity 104 Renewables power capacity (including only small hydro) 210 I Renewables power capacity (including all hydro) 1085 Hydropower capacity (existing, all sizes) 920 Wind power capacity (existing) 94 Solar PV capacity, grid connected (existing) 7.6 Solar PV production (annual) 3.7 Solar hot water capacity (existing) 125 Ethanol production (annual) 53 Biodiesel production (annual) 10 I Countries with policy targets 68 States/provinces/countries with feed-in policies 51 States/provinces/countries with RPS policies 50 States/provinces/countries with bio-fuels mandates 53 • 19 per cent of global energy consumption is supplied by renewable energy. India recently launched a unique and ambitious National Solar Mission, which seeks to facilitate the generation of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022. India is also working on a National Biomass Mission, which will help tap bio-energy potential of over 25,000 MW. Courtesy: Total Energy, July-August 2011, P9. • ! 130 150 billion USD 250 305GW 1150 1230 GW 950 980GW 121 159GW 13.5 21 GW 6.9 10.7GW 149 180 GWth 69 76 billion liters 15 17 billion liters 75 85 64 75 55 56 55 65 • Top five countries for renewable power capacity are China, USA, Germany, Spain and India. • China was the top installer of wind power in 2009. • Solar PV generates electricity in well over 100 countries and continues to be the fastest growing power generation technology. • Geothermal plants operated in 24 countries by end of 2009. • Concentrating solar thermal (CSP) is entering newmarkets, such as Italy, the UAE, Algeria, Egypt and Morocco. • China has seen the greatest growth in hydropower. • Ocean energy Is the least mature renewable energy technology, but interest is growing across the sector with {' • Around 25 countries involved in ocean energy development activities. • Biomass heating markets are expanding steadily in Europe. • USA and Brazil accounted for 88 per cent of global ethanol production in 2009. Source: Renewable 2010, Global Status Report. www.ren21.net 37