Cement Energy and Environment

implementation of the projects, Mr Jaiswal added. Courtesy: The Hindu Business Line, New Delhi, August 3, 2011 ALL EXPANSION WILL BE B ~~=n n CAPTIVE COA All further power generation expansion of JSW Energy will be on domestic coal availability and the Ratnagiri expansion project qased on imported coal has been put on hold, Mr Sajjan Jindal, Chairman , said. Speaking on the sidelines of the annual general body meeting, Mr Jindal said price of imported coal is going up and the way forward was through captive coal. Indonesia wanted exports pegged to market rates and Australia was for a carbon tax. It was not possible to bring coal at the market prices here, he said . Mr Jindal pointed out that the State electricity boards here were not in a position to absorb higher electricity prices while imported coal prices were rising for the p0wer generating companies. Courtesy: The Hindu Business Line, Mumbai, July 22, 2011 l Alternative Energy, Fuels & I Raw Materials POTENTIALS OF AFR CO– opor-ESSIN r. Dr.Hubert Baier and Karl Menzel, Vecoplan Fueltrack GmbH, Germany, Identify Important Elements of preprocessing and Co– processing Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials. Abstract Resources are becoming scarcer and more expensive worldwide, driving a search for viable alternatives including the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR). The cement industry began to use refuse derived fuels (RDF) after the oil crisis in the early 1980s. By 2010, their use had increased to about 10 per cent replacement of the total thermal energy demand. Utilizing mainly used oil and tyres, RDF consists of different types of hazardous and non-hazardous waste from both industrial and municipal origin. This trend is expected to continue in the coming years due to economic benefits and the necessity to significantly cut the cement industry's C0 2 em1ss1ons, which comprise nearly 5 per cent of the total manmade C02 production worldwide. This paper focuses on the main aspects of preprocessing waste and co-processing RDF in cement kilns. It includes identification, waste management, pretreatment and utilization in cement clinker production. Processing techniques range from simple procedures for single component streams to mechanical and biological treatment for mixed municipal solid waste. The complete clinker manufacturing process has to be considered with regard to both mechanical equipment and product quality. Preprocessing and handling concepts within the cement plant, as well as the impact of RDF on the manufacturing process, are emphasized. Of major importance in this context is RDF combustion at its point of introduction , as well as emissions and clinker quality. Based on these prerequisites, some particular techniques for RDF use in precalciners and rotary kiln main burners are presente_9., mainly featuring an intell igent fuel mix management, additional measures such as mechanical or thermal pretreatment, and process-integrated measures such as modified main burners O•ytn~ Pytoly>r, ·~flltl0f1 8u"1 out I I I Useful heat Rdd1ant t'fl('1 f~V Figure 1. Srmphfied operationCllsequence regardrng the conversoon of fuels woth subsequent coke burnout Dependong on rhe qu.thty. 11 is possoble th<lt, during the conl(ersion of hquid fuels, the resoduCll coke combustron can also be reduced to zero.' 36 '