Cement Energy and Environment

levels and other problems, especially if the alternative fuel proportion in the mix is reduced and replaced with fuels which burn more easily. Adequate momentum levels can be achieved using fans or blowers, depending on burner design and user preference. For example a nominal momentum of 11N /MW could be obtained using either a single stage fan supplying 16 per cent primary air at a velocity pressure of -250mbar, or equally well with a blower delivering 11 per cent primary air at a velocity pressure of - 500 mbar, But whichever option is used, the target momentum must be matched to the fuel mix and the required substitution rates . Improving the combustion performance of existing burners The performance of existing multichannel burners can often be improved by replacing the current primary air fan with a higher-capacity unit, or changing over to a blower unit if the axial jet size can be easily reduced. This will keep the addition of cold primary air to a minimum while still raising the burner momentum into a higher range. A slightly different approach can be used to improve the momentum of monochannel burners where there is limited capability left for increasing airflow volume of pressure through the existing equipment. In these cases, the momentum can sometimes be boosted by externally sleeving the burn to create an annular duct and adding a series of axial nozzles (see Figure 4). The modified pipe can then be covered with refractory and a suitable blower connected to provide the additional momentum. These and other relatively simple but cost-effective options can often be used for improving burner momentum to help plants increase their alternative fuel substitution rate. Courtesy: International Cement Review, March 2011, Pp83-86. Renewable Energy RENEWABLE ENERGY TRADING TO START FROM 30TH MARCH The 108 REGs, from 15 registered renewable energy generators, would be traded at power exchanges from 30 1 h March and on the last Wednesday of every month thereafter. These REGs have been approved by CERC. REC is a tradable receipt, representing a value. of 1 MWH of power injected into the grid through renewable resources . This would be issued to a generator of RE upon complying with conditions. Currently, 108 REGs issued represent 140 MW of power. All registered RE generators are either wind or biomass, not solar. The trading is important, since all states have to buy certain proportion of their total power purchase from renewable resources. This purchase of RE power can only be done through power exchanges . Courtesy: TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) Newswire, 16-31March, 2011, P13. WHAT ARE RECS? To realize the objectives identified in the NAPCC and to facilitate transactions in the renewable energy market, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), in consultation with the Forum of Regulators (FoR), notified regulations (CERC Notification on REGs on 14.01.201 0). · Salient points of the regulation and FoR's recommendations are: • Each SERC to develop RPO framework for its respective 22